室内装修后空气检测治理究竟有多重要？

How important is air detection and management after interior decoration?

1.室内空气污染的特点

1. Characteristics of indoor air pollution

由于室内空气污染物来源广泛、种类繁多，各种污染物对人体的危害程度不同，并且在现代的建筑设计中越来越考虑能源的有效利用，使室内与外界的通风换气非常少，在这种情况下室内和室外就变成两个相对不同的环境，因此室内空气污染有其自身的特点，主要表现在以下几个方面：

Due to the wide sources and various types of indoor air pollutants, the harm degree of various pollutants to human body is different, and the effective use of energy is more and more considered in modern architectural design, so that the indoor and outdoor ventilation is very little, in this case, indoor and outdoor become two relatively different environment, so indoor air pollution has its own characteristics, mainly It is shown in the following aspects:

（1）长期性

(1) Long term

很多室内空气污染物在短期内就可对人体产生极大的危害，而有的则潜伏期很长。比如放射性污染，潜伏期达几十年之久。

Many indoor air pollutants can cause great harm to human body in a short time, while others have a long incubation period. For example, radioactive pollution has a latent period of several decades.

（2）累积性

(2) Cumulative

室内环境是人们生活、工作的主要场所。人的一生中至少有一半的时间在室内度过，这样长时间暴露在有污染的室内空气环境中，污染物对人体的累积危害就更为严重。

Indoor environment is the main place for people to live and work. People spend at least half of their life indoors. If they are exposed to polluted indoor air environment for a long time, the cumulative harm of pollutants to human body will be more serious.

（3）多样性

(3) Diversity

室内空气污染物种类繁多，有物理污染、化学污染、生物污染、放射性污染等。

There are many kinds of indoor air pollutants, such as physical pollution, chemical pollution, biological pollution and radioactive pollution.

2. 室内空气污染的危害

2. Harm of indoor air pollution

室内污染物主要分为甲醛、苯、氨和氡四种，其中甲醛在中国有毒化学品优先控制名单上高居第二位，已经被世界卫生组织确定为致癌和致畸形物质。甲醛主要来源于室内建筑材料和家具，如胶合板、刨花板、泡沫填料、木地板、壁纸、油漆和涂料等。相关数据显示，甲醛在新装修后的房间在其后5-15年左右的时间里缓缓释放。长期接触低剂量甲醛可引起各种慢性呼吸道疾病，引起青少年记忆力和智力下降，引起鼻咽癌、结肠脑瘤、细胞核基因突变、抑制DNA损伤修复、月经紊乱、妊娠综合症、新生儿染色体异常，甚至可以引起白血病。在所有接触者中，儿童孕妇和老年人对甲醛尤为敏感，危害也就更大。

Indoor pollutants are mainly divided into formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia and radon. Among them, formaldehyde ranks second on the priority list of toxic chemicals in China and has been identified as carcinogenic and teratogenic by the World Health Organization. Formaldehyde mainly comes from indoor building materials and furniture, such as plywood, particleboard, foam stuffing, wood flooring, wallpaper, paint and paint. Relevant data show that formaldehyde in the newly decorated room in the following 5-15 years of time slowly released. Long term exposure to low-dose formaldehyde can cause a variety of chronic respiratory diseases, cause the decline of memory and intelligence of adolescents, cause nasopharyngeal carcinoma, colon brain tumor, nuclear gene mutation, inhibition of DNA damage repair, menstrual disorders, pregnancy syndrome, chromosomal abnormalities of newborns, and even leukemia. In all contacts, children, pregnant women and the elderly are particularly sensitive to formaldehyde, and the harm is even greater.

一个成年人每天呼吸大约2万多次，吸入空气达15～20立方米。因此，被污染了的空气对人体健康有直接的影响。中国城市居民占不到总人口的一半，但已有2.7亿以上居民呼吸的空气不达标。这一近于耸人听闻的说法，来自经合组织(OECD)2007年7月17日宣布的《OECD中国环境绩效评估》报告在人的一生中，至少有80%以上的时间是在室内环境中度过，仅有低于5%的时间在室外，而其余时间则处于两者之间。而一些行动不便的人、老人、婴儿等则可能有高达95%的时间在室内生活。故室内空气质量的好坏对人体健康的关系就显得更加密切更加重要。凡是居住在室内空气已被污染的人，他们的身体时刻都受着伤害。一般来说，慢性中毒很难被人们发现，更容易被人们所忽视，当危害、中毒症状转成病变时人体才有一定反应。

An adult breathes about 20000 times a day and inhales 15-20 cubic meters of air. Therefore, polluted air has a direct impact on human health. China's urban residents account for less than half of the total population, but more than 270 million residents have breathed air below the standard. This almost sensational statement comes from the OECD China environmental performance assessment report announced by the OECD on July 17, 2007. In one's life, at least 80% of the time is spent in the indoor environment, only less than 5% of the time is outdoors, and the rest of the time is in between. However, some people with limited mobility, the elderly and infants may spend up to 95% of their time indoors. Therefore, the quality of indoor air quality is more closely related to human health. Those who live in the indoor air has been polluted, their body is always injured. Generally speaking, chronic poisoning is difficult to be found by people, more likely to be ignored by people, when the harm, poisoning symptoms into pathological changes, the human body has a certain reaction.

3.室内空气检测的必要性

Necessity of indoor air detection

我国是一个发展中国家，人均国民生产总值并不高。在农村，燃料燃烧造成大量有害气体使农村面临的室内空气污染问题尚未解决；在城市，工业“三废”还未彻底根除，由于家装使用大量的非环保材料以及家具、日化、建筑物本身带来的室内空气污染 问题亦日趋严重。特别是近年来，由于室内环境污染而引起的人口健康问题越来越突出，已经引起全球各国的广泛关注。

China is a developing country and its per capita GDP is not high. In rural areas, the problem of indoor air pollution in rural areas has not been solved due to a large number of harmful gases caused by fuel combustion; in urban areas, the "three wastes" of industry have not been completely eradicated, and the indoor air pollution problems caused by the use of a large number of non environmental protection materials for home decoration, furniture, daily chemicals and buildings themselves are becoming increasingly serious. Especially in recent years, the problem of population health caused by indoor environmental pollution has become more and more prominent, which has attracted the attention of countries all over the world.

人类生存离不开空气，人的一生约80%的时间是在室内度过的，特别是老、弱、病、残、幼、孕等体弱者在室内活动时间更长，室内环境质量的好坏对他们的身心健康更加重要。因此加强室内环境的监测与治理，对保证人民的健康，提高国民的整体素质十分重要。尤其象我国这样人口众多，而医疗保健水平又跟不上的国家，加强室内空气检测，维持一个绿色的居住、办公场所，让广大人民都拥有一个健康的体魄，显得尤为重要。

Human beings can not live without air. About 80% of the time of human life is spent indoors, especially for the old, the weak, the sick, the disabled, the young and the pregnant. The indoor environment quality is more important to their physical and mental health. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the monitoring and treatment of indoor environment to ensure the health of the people and improve the overall quality of the people. Especially in a country with a large population and low medical and health care level, it is particularly important to strengthen indoor air detection, maintain a green living and office space, and let the majority of people have a healthy body.